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The Role of the Congress in U.S. Foreign Policy

The Role of the Congress in U.S. International strategy Likewise with for all intents and purposes all U.S. government strategy choices, ...

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Essay on the Metamorphosis in Pride and Prejudice

Metamorphosis in Pride and Prejudice As the story develops in Jane Austens novel, Pride and Prejudice, the reader is witness to a shift in attitude between the principle characters. The chapter in which Elizabeth Bennetts reactions to Mr. Darcys letter are explored provides valuable insights into this metamorphosis. The first description of Elizabeths state upon perusing Fitzwilliam Darcys revelatory missive is characteristic of Austen when relating heavy emotion: she doesnt. Her feelings as she read were scarcely to be defined, she tells us (Austen 233). Of course, all this negation of representational skills is purely for dramatic effect, and Miss Austen goes on to provide a full account of†¦show more content†¦-I, who have valued myself on my abilities! (Austen236). Her self-deprecating tirade finally ends with the statement, Till this moment, I never knew myself (Austen 237). For me, this is the crux of the book; what care I for the petty concerns of the landed gentry at the turn of the 18th century? But a moment of pure epiphany, the acquisition of self-knowledge, these are what art and literature are all about in my opinion, and what make this the most important moment in the novel. Of course Elizabeths eventual visit to Pemberley is a turning point in her understandin g of Mr. Darcy, but chapter 36 is such in her understanding of herself. The issues of pride and prejudice certainly come to the fore in this chapter, both in direct mention as well as their presence in Elizabeths character. It is a common interpretation that the two qualities of the books title apply to Elizabeth and Darcy, the former to him, the latter to her,Show MoreRelatedThe Harlem Renaissance1586 Words   |  7 Pageshow others viewed blacks during the time period between 1918-1930. The great talent of many of the personalities that were born from the renaissance seems to still have validity and is taught to American children, but the movement as one of black pride and awareness has lost its rally through the years and has subsided to a mere footnote in American history. In this paper, I will first report on the mindset of black American after World War I and the subsequent social and cultural alienationRead MoreThemes and Styles of Ralph Ellison3336 Words   |  14 PagesEnglish IV 16 November 2005 The Themes and Styles of Ralph Ellison Ralph Ellison has proven himself through his novel The Invisible Man to be the leading black author of the twentieth century. Although he had written many short stories and essays collected in the book Shadow and Act, The Invisible Man is his only novel. With this one novel, Ellison earned himself the 1953 National Book Award and acclaim by the African American community for so accurately portraying the struggles a black AmericanRead More Frankenstein Kickass Paper2707 Words   |  11 Pagesinformation while vacationing with her husband and Lord Byron in Geneva in the summer of 1816. Mary writes in notes for an edition of her late husbands poetry that they read that summer the New Testament, Paradise Lost, Spensers Faery Queene, Montaignes Essays, and Aeschylus Prometheus, among numerous others (The Complete Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley 575). One evening the three, along with Dr. John Polidori and Marys stepsister, Claire Clairmont, were trapped in Byrons castle as a storm raged o utsideRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 PagesResource Management (MGT501) VU each of whose members are identifiable and distinguishable based on demographic or other characteristics like gender, age group, education etc. Several barriers in dealing with diversity include stereotyping, prejudice, ethnocentrism, discrimination, tokenism, and gender-role stereotypes. Multiple Stakeholders Stakeholders are those who have interests in the organization. Multiple stakeholders for an organization include the customers, suppliers, consumers, investorsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages(intravenous solutions), anesthesia, dialysis, and many blood disorders along with medical devices, biotechnology products61 and specialty pharmaceuticals. Employees at Baxter are justifiably proud of the lifesaving products they produce, but also take pride in the emphasis that Baxter takes in their ability to balance their careers and family responsibilities. Work/life balance is part of the culture at Baxter. Managers and employees share responsibility in mana ging the daily demands of a career and familyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagessense much of our everyday social lives and our work activities are in essence theory-dependent activities. Now this clearly illustrates the conjectural and practical aspects of theory, since people act in accordance with their expectations, or prejudices, as to what will happen in particular circumstances – conjectures often derived from impressions regarding what has previously happened in similar circumstances. Thus, even the most mundane activity, such as walking down a street, might be consideredRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageshave attitudes similar to those of other U.S. citizens (though the differences tend to be greater for younger U.S. Muslims). Still, there are both perceived and real differences. Nearly four in ten U.S. adults admit they harbor neg ative feelings or prejudices toward U.S. Muslims, and 52 percent believe U.S. Muslims are not respectful of women. Some take these general biases a step further. Motaz Elshafi, a 28-year-old software engineer for Cisco Systems, born and raised in New Jersey, received an e-mail

Monday, December 16, 2019

Benefits Of Extended Breast Feeding And Link Between...

Aynslie Skye Glendenning Nutrition 101 2/01/2016 The Benefits of Extended Breast Feeding and Link between Chronic Disease â€Å"Breast milk is widely acknowledged as the most complete form of nutrition for infants, with a range of benefits for infants health, growth, immunity and development.† (Healthy People 2010, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) The nutritional benefits of breastfeeding a newborn are known; however new studies are showing that extended breastfeeding is linked to preventing chronic disease, later in adulthood. These finding are significant because the prevalence of chronic disease worldwide is growing, especially in our nation. I will discuss the main benefits of breastfeeding, define extended breastfeeding,†¦show more content†¦(MD, MPH, IBCLC, Mirriam Labbock. What Is the Definition of Breastfeeding.†) Infants that Predominantly breastfeed, use mostly breast milk as their food source. They can also receive water and non-sugary, water based drinks. These supplementary drinks can be natural fruit juices, oral rehydration salts solution, vitamin and mineral supplements. No food based liquid is allowed. Exclusive and predominant feeding styles combine to define Full breastfeeding. Complementary breastfeeding is exactly how it sounds, the infant receives breast milk and semi-solids foods together. (MD, MPH, IBCLC, Mirriam Labbock. What Is the Definition of Breastfeeding.†) Lactation itself is broken down in stages, but the nutritional benefits can be found in all forms of breast milk. The first stage, is called Colostrum. The production of colostrum occurs during pregnancy and lasts for a few days after birth. Colostrum contains large amounts of proteins, fat-soluble vitamins, minerals, and immunoglobulins. Colostrum is the first form of breast milk that is produced by a mother after their delivery. In the first few days post-delivery, Colostrum is produced in small volumes. It is made to be digested easily and efficiently. Colostrum has a laxative effect which in turn aids the passing of stools and helps in elimination of too much bilirubin, which aids in preventing jaundice in newborns. Like previously mentioned, Colostrum contains high concentrations of immunoglobulins. Some of the

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Effective Project Management †Free Sample - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Why are accurate estimates critical to effective project management? How does the culture of an organisation influence the quality of estimates? Why is it important for project managers to understand the fixed and variable costs of a project. What are the differences between bottom-up and top-down estimating approaches? Under what conditions would you prefer one over the other? What are the major types of costs? Which costs are controllable by the project manager? Answers: Budgeting Projects Answer 1: A project is required to be accurately estimated for controlling the project development process and it can affect the development of the project negatively. The success of the project is dependent on the proper planning of the project and meeting the requirement. A project schedule or Gantt chart is required to be prepared for the project and it is important for monitoring the progress of the project and differentiate between the loss and the gain of the project. The time estimated for the completion of each of the activity is required to be followed for the completion of the project within it and the cash flow is also required to be maintained to complete the project within the budget. A good decision is required to be taken for the management of the cash flow and allocate the resources to the development team as required. Missing of the deadline for the development of the activity is required to be strictly followed for successfully develop the project. The error in the project is required to be mitigated and a time phased budget is required to be prepared for establishing a baseline for the project and develop the project successfully. Answer2: An organizational culture is required to be managed for influencing the estimation of the quality of the project. The quality of the project can be estimated following different type of approach such as top down or bottom up. The senior management uses the top down approach and it can be done by the management team for the creation of a relationship with the development team. The bottom up approach is done by involving the team members and the work breakdown structure is created for the estimation of the cost and the budget. The organizational culture is required to be developed for the management of the workplace environment and the behavior of the employees working in the workplace is required to be governed. A guideline is required to be prepared for the organization and it should include the dressing and behavior of the employees for judging the values of the set a new value in the workplace. The main characteristics of the organizational culture are innovation, outcome, attentio n and emphasis on the people. The decision affecting the people is required to be analyzed before implementation in the organization. The estimates done on the project is affected by the organizational culture because innovativeness of the organization can add extra risk in the project development process and this would also affect the performance of the employees working for the development of the project. Answer 3: The fixed cost and the variable cost associated with the project development is required to be clearly understood by the project manager for the estimation of the budget of the project. The variable cost are those that varies upon the number of items or resources included in the project development while the fixed cost are those without which the project development process would not succeed. The project manager can easily identify the fixed cost associated with the project by analyzing the requirement of the project but for the estimation of the variable cost the number of team member and the technical staffs required is required to be listed and the risk associated with the project such as the unavailability of the team members crashing of the project is required to be noted for calculation of the variable cost. The variable cost is required to be broken down into material or labour cost for the identification of the cost. The fixed cost such as the rent of the office, advertisemen t, insurance, electricity, etc. are required to be listed for creation of the budget of the project. The operation cost such as the legal fees, sales and marketing cost is also required to be included as a variable cost. Answer 4: The top down project management approach is used by the project manager for defining the task of the project and breaking the activity into smaller chunk and refining the project with more details. The major task are listed at the top and detail of the task is required to be reviewed by the project team member for the development of the project plan. The conceptual phase and the measurement of the weight is followed using the top down method. The individual activity are not considered for the development of the project estimate. The priority can be set using the top down estimation techniques. The bottom up approach is used for identification of the task that is required to be performed and team members are included in the analysis process. The conflict in the system is required to be identified and the features that is required to be included should be documented for estimation of the requirement. The work breakdown structure is required to be created for creation of a detailed schedule and increase the accuracy of the estimation. The top down approach is best suited for small project where the requirement is clear while the bottom up estimation is required for large and complex project where a schedule is required to be created and followed for develop the project successfully. Answer 5: There are different types of cost associated with the project such as: Direct Cost- it includes the cost of the labour, materials and the other equipments required for the development of the project. Overhead costs- It are the cost of the resources that are required for the development such as the salary of the employees and the development team, rents of the office or the workplace. The direct cost can be included in the project schedule for the estimation of the project budget. Administration and overhead cost- it is the cost of the organization and are not directly related with the development process. The cost is included during the runtime of the project and the promotional cost of the project such as the advertisement, marketing and sales of the product. Baselining A Project Plan Figure 1: Tracking of the project (Source: created by author) WBS Figure 2: Work breakdown Structure (Source: created by author) Bibliography Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Ranjbar, M. (2013). A path-relinking metaheuristic for the resource levelling problem. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 64(7), 1071-1078. Rieck, J., Zimmermann, J. (2015). Exact methods for resource leveling problems. In Handbook on Project Management and Scheduling Vol. 1 (pp. 361-387). Springer International Publishing.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The climax of the Millers Tale Essay Example

The climax of the Millers Tale Paper During the climax of the Millers Tale, Chaucer incorporates a kind of bowdy humor that makes the whole tale seem as though it is a comedy that just entertains the reader as a kind of prelude for the rest of the Tales in the Cabterbury Tales it self. The whole ending to the reader may just seem an elaborate ending to a tale that seems to stem from a kind of perverted mind at the times of Chaucer. The setting of the time is very important as it shows that the old days in which Chaucer lived in was not all the stereotypical ideas that many hold today and have been exploited by film makers as well. The ending and the tale show that the people of those times were not all that afraid of the kind of sexual ness that people are subjected our days. And the climax shows that a humorous society may have lived during the time and may have embraced the magnitude of the humor that Chaucer implies to the ending of the Tale The ending of the Tale is quite vivid. It figures Absalon, Nicholas and John as well as Alison. What befalls Nicholas is quite funny at first glance as a hot poker is shoved up his arse And he was redy with his iren hoot, And Nicholas amide the ers he smoot. We will write a custom essay sample on The climax of the Millers Tale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The climax of the Millers Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The climax of the Millers Tale specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By Absalon, due to the fact that Nicholas tried to trick him again with the same trick as before. This is funny but shows an element of surprise as Hende Nicholas is a scolar and a learned person but it prompts the question Why didnt he be original and tries another trick that may not have been so easily foreseen by Absalon. This shows that Chaucer may have just incorporated the idea that learned people at the time could also be fools and could have been bettered. Also the fact that John has already been bested and is made out to be an ignorant person he is also made out to be a crazy person who the whole town see as a fool. The folk gan laughen at his fantasie Now in those times we would expect different stories to be about the sacrifices if great honorable heroes for God, which was displayed in The Knights Tale. The fact that the two endings contrast as being opposite means the Chaucer has cleverly used the different concepts to shows what the people were really like in those days. As a difference to those in service to God the other people did enjoy a kind of sexual desire that most people experience these days. And the ending shows that a kind of humorous society lived that would accept some things that we might not have expected at the time. They would accept some kind of humor as long as it did step over the limit that most people expected at the time. This tale actually shows Chaucer as a kind of adventurous person who would like to show what qualities and talent he has, as he has done so in the Canterbury Tales. This shows that Chaucer as a person is not restrained by public opinion and especially makes this a reality with The Millers Tale. The ending in my opinion has a deeper meaning and shows that what we have stereo typed the old ages with is wrong and Chaucer has allowed us to see what reality was really like during his time. The fact that I mentioned earlier that applies to the position of the Tale in the book shows that Chaucer has contrasted a noble story with a kind of opposite with deceit and dishonorable actions and Chaucer has deliberately does this to show us that The Millers Tale was accepted then and is a kind of pub joke. The tale itself and the ending show that these ideals are true as the people then had found this amusing even though it was offending to some. The hot poker trick may have been included to show that no sin is not punished, as Chaucer may have been deeply religious at the times.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Wer and Wyf, Man and Woman

Wer and Wyf, Man and Woman Wer and Wyf, Man and Woman Wer and Wyf, Man and Woman By Maeve Maddox In Old English, the word man had the meaning of â€Å"human being† or â€Å"person,† male or female. Note: Old English is the earliest form of English, brought to Great Britain in the fifth century by Germanic settlers. The first literary works in Old English date from the seventh century. In OE, the word man occurs in proverbs in the sense of â€Å"one,† â€Å"a person† or â€Å"people†: NÄ“ sceal man tÃ…  Ç £r forht nÄ“ tÃ…  Ç £r fà ¦gen: A person shouldn’t be too soon fearful nor too soon glad The usual OE word for â€Å"an adult male person† was wer. Man didn’t start being used in that sense until late in the OE period (c. 1000). Wer continued into Middle English, but by the late thirteenth century had been replaced by man. Wer survives into modern English as the combining form seen in the first syllable of werewolf: â€Å"a person who, according to medieval superstition, is transformed or is capable of transforming himself at times into a wolf.† The general meaning of man to mean human person of either gender survives in modern English in such words as manslaughter and mankind. The latter is being superseded by the word humankind in the belief that the man- of mankind excludes women. Its fixed legal use will probably prevent manslaughter from being replaced by humanslaughter. The Old English word for a female person, married or unmarried, was wyf. The meaning â€Å"female spouse† developed within the OE period, but the general sense of woman, married or unmarried, continued. In the 18th century, one definition of wife was â€Å"a woman of humble rank or of low employment,† a sense that remains in the words fishwife and alewife. Used figuratively, the term fishwife has acquired the negative connotation of â€Å"a scurrilously abusive woman.† The sense of â€Å"women in general† is at work in the expression â€Å"old wives’ tale†: â€Å"an unlikely story told and believed by women a widely held or traditional belief now thought to be incorrect or erroneous.† For example, a very common  old wives  tale  is the admonition to feed a  cold  and starve a  fever. Note: The tale, not the women, is â€Å"old.† Inherent in this expression is the notion that women are more gullible than men. Perhaps we could coin the expression â€Å"old husbands’ tale† for the stereotypical notions that men pass on about women. For example, â€Å"Women lack intellect,† â€Å"women are more emotional and jealous than men,† â€Å"women are not suited to serve in public office,† â€Å"women lack courage,† etc. Husband, like wife, has meanings apart from married status. Meanings of husband include â€Å"tiller of the soil, manager of a household,† and â€Å"steward.† It’s interesting that today’s general word for â€Å"adult female person,† woman, originated when wyf (â€Å"female person†) was joined to man (â€Å"human being†) to produce the combination wyfman (â€Å"female human being†). The modern form woman developed from a plural of wyfman that did not include the /f/ sound or spelling: wimman. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Yay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsWord Count and Book Length

Friday, November 22, 2019

Fangtooth Fish Facts

Fangtooth Fish Facts Fangtooth fish are part of family Anoplogastridae and mainly thrive in depths between 1,640 and 6,562 feet in temperate and tropical waters. Their genus scientific name, Anoplogaster, is derived from the Greek words meaning unarmed (anoplo) and stomach (gaster). Ironically, fangtooth fish don’t appear unarmed at all due to their disproportionately large jaws and sharp teeth. Fast Facts Scientific Name: Anoplogaster cornuta, Anoplogaster brachyceraCommon Names: Common fangtooth, ogrefish, shorthorn fangtoothOrder: BeryciformesBasic Animal Group: FishDistinguishing Characteristics: Lower jaw that extends outwards with long sharp teethSize: Up to 3 inches (Anoplogaster brachycera) and up to 6-7 inches (Anoplogaster cornuta)Weight: UnknownLife Span: UnknownDiet: Small fish, squid, crustaceansHabitat: In temperate/tropical waters in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans, and off the coast of Australia and the British IslesPopulation: Not documentedConservation Status: Least Concern Description The fangtooth is a small fish with a laterally compressed body. Despite their small size, fangtooths have large heads and disproportionately long sharp teeth. Two sockets have developed on the sides of their brains to make room for the teeth when their jaws close. Large teeth enable the fangtooth to kill fish much larger than itself. Common fangtooth, Anoplogaster cornuta, on ice. Anette Andersen/iStock/Getty Images Plus Fangtooth fish colors range from black to dark brown as adults and are light gray when young. Their bodies are covered with prickly scales and spines. They can be found at depths anywhere from 6 feet to 15,000 feet but are most commonly found between 1,640 and 6,562 feet. When fangtooth are young, they tend to live in shallower depths. Habitat and Distribution The common fangtooth is found around the world in temperate marine waters. This includes the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, appearing off the waters of Australia and from the central to Southern British Isles. The shorthorn fangtooth lives in tropical waters from the western Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico to the western Atlantic. Diet and Behavior The fangtooth is a carnivorous and highly mobile fish, feeding on small fish, shrimp, and squid. When they are young, they filter zooplankton from the water and migrate closer to the surface at night to feed on crustaceans. Adults either hunt alone or in schools. Unlike other predators that ambush their prey, fangtooth fish actively seek out food. Fangtooth Fish (Anoplogaster cornuta) close-up of head showing teeth, from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. David Shale / Getty Images Their large heads allow them to swallow most prey whole, eating fish one-third their size. When fangtooths’ mouths are full, they can not pump water over their gills as efficiently. Thus, they produce large gaps between their gills and use their pectoral fins to fan water over their gills from behind. To find prey, fangtooths have lateral lines along each side of their bodies, which are important for detecting changes in temperature and movements of potential prey. They also rely on contact chemoreception, where they find prey by bumping into them. Reproduction and Offspring Not much is known about fangtooth fish reproduction, but they generally reach reproductive maturity at 5 inches for the common fangtooth. From June to August, males will latch on to females with their jaws and fertilize the eggs the females release into the ocean. Fangtooth fish do not guard their eggs, so these young are on their own. As they grow, they descend to deeper depths. As larvae, they appear close to the surface and by the time they are adults, they may be swimming at depths of up to 15,000 feet. Overlapping of depth and habitats occurs across stages of maturity. Species Fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta), illustrated view of a deep sea fish with a small body and disproportionately large head, and large teeth. Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images There are two known species: Anoplogaster cornuta (the common fangtooth) and Anoplogaster brachycera (shorthorn fangtooth). Shorthorn fangtooth fish are even smaller than common fangtooth fish, reaching sizes of just short of 3 inches. They are most commonly found at depths between 1,640 and 6,500 feet. Conservation Status The common fangtooth is designated as least concern according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list, while the shorthorn fangtooth has not been assessed by the IUCN. Due to their appearance, they do not have any commercial value. Sources Baidya, Sankalan. 20 Interesting Fangtooth Facts. Facts Legend, 2014, https://factslegend.org/20-interesting-fangtooth-facts/. Common Fangtooth. British Sea Fishing, https://britishseafishing.co.uk/common-fangtooth/.Common Fangtooth. Oceana, https://oceana.org/marine-life/ocean-fishes/common-fangtooth.ï » ¿Iwamoto, T. Anoplogaster Cornuta. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, 2015, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18123960/21910070#population.Malhotra, Rishi. Anoplogaster Cornuta. Animal Diversity Web, 2011, https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Anoplogaster_cornuta/.McGrouther, Mark. Fangtooth, Anoplogaster Cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833). The Australian Museum, 2019, https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/fishes/fangtooth-anoplogaster-cornuta-valenciennes-1833/.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Case study #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

#2 - Case Study Example With the intention to solve these issues, the CEO started his activities firstly from visiting the workplace of one of its rigs, named ‘Voyager 7’. The rig was quite small comprising 150 employees with a blend of skilled, unskilled and immigrant labours. Soon he began to depict that there was clear discrimination practiced in the workplace with regard to the living conditions and the working conditions of the lower level employees and the upper level employees. The upper level employees, who were also the immigrants, were provided with far better treatment in comparison to that of the local African employees. The local authorities of the government, despite being aware of the situation were never involved in taking any potential action to resolve the racial discrimination practiced within the organisation. After analysing the situation from the view point of the CEO, inferences have been drawn through the SWOTT analysis. Weaknesses: The situation has major drawbacks with the workplace environment being full of discrimination. Employees are treated differently on the basis of their nationality, race and designations, raising Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) related concerns, which might diminish stakeholders’ confidence on the company. Threats: The discrimination prevailing in the workplace is a threat to the integrity of the workplace. Owing to the absence of communication between the lower level employees and upper level employees, the expectation of effective performance of this rig is highly unrealistic. Trends: If the situation continues in this trend, chances of conflicts between the upper level and lower level employees are highly uncertain. Moreover, legal authorities might also halt the operations of the entire business owing to the illegal practices of discrimination in the workplace. The alternatives will need to be evaluated considering the objectives of the company regarding CSR, ensuring equality

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Managing Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Managing Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example As an example, long hours of standing were seen to cause deformities in children (Spartacus Education, n.d.). Against this backdrop, many factories began to flourish and Ransome’s Orwell Works was one of them. This was an agricultural machinery factory that produced products from 1841 to 1966 which gave them a rich history of manufacturing and growth. In the beginning of Ransome Orwell, several family members came together to work and finance the foundry and many of their workers were family friends or came from the nearby community. They always relied on people they knew to help them in their business rather than looking to strangers to help them. One thing to note is that the Ransomes were Quakers and had a large community to choose from. Because they were Quakers, they followed this way of life. This created a positive ability to recruit and select other people who were friends. Many of the people who worked for them stayed their entire lives. It could be assumed that Ranso mes had a better opportunity for recruitment because they knew and understood the people they were working around. One reason this could be surmised is that the Ipswich Transportation Museum states that many of their workers stayed with them from the time they entered the business to the time the individual died. The management style at Ransome Orwell would be very close to what the Quakers experience today. They would have a very religious idea of management and would consult each other before making decisions. Everything that is done during a business meeting begins with worship and continues as worship. People are very orderly and stand before they speak (Latham). Therefore, Ransome Orwell would have used prayer and worship as their way of making decisions in business and their management style would have reflected this attitude.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Save the Environment! Essay Example for Free

Save the Environment! Essay â€Å"TREE PLANTATON† – most commonly used word. These words don’t only mean arising love for nature suddenly only on 5th June (World Environment Day) just like every Indian experiences patriotism on 15th August or 26th January†. Sometimes while attending such â€Å"TREE PLANTATION† events we may feel like saving nature and plant many plants that fine day. But, what about those plants after the event gets over? We forget about those planted plants soon after the event is over. Weather those plants will grow to trees or not is no more our concern, That does not at all mean tree plantation in real sense. Now a days we may easily find an under construction sight surrounding us. But have you seen an under construction tree? Any client may easily give an order to any builder that he wants this building to be completed in 2 or 3 years. But have you heard anyone saying or ordering other person about growing a 20 or 25 feet high tree in 2 years!! The answer is NO. Then why not to take care of those trees which are being cut in greed of constructing high tech roads? And this is our event. Let us think about â€Å"Tree preservation along with tree plantation†. Saving a tree certainly gives a feeling of saving life. Recently, you may have heard that in USA word’s longest tower is going to be constructed in just 2 years. But I don’t think it is shocking news because they have high technology and man power and it is possible for them to construct such a tower. Now, if any would say that I can grow world’s tallest free in just 2 years then it would be a shocking news, because constructing building is in hands of homo sapiens but growing trees is in hands of mother nature and we know that nobody can win against nature. Media should also try to create awareness about preserving trees along with growing.† Every person cries â€Å"plant trees†. But very few cry†preserve trees†. In such an atmosphere where signs of global warming are clearly visible, we should take care regarding preserving the present nature. It is true that efforts are made to grow more trees but do you think that you are going to live a life to see that tree growing so it. Tall NO Our projects include an eco-friendly development which comprises of earning money along with favoring our mother nature. The trees which are cut at construction sights are brought to own projects and then we plant them and experience a great relief of preserving a life. Thus we proudly say that we run eco-friendly projects! Generally the man of 21st centaury constructs concrete forests by destroying the forests of nature which are grown not constructed Thus, this thought gave us an idea of presenting own project to people as well as nature!!

Thursday, November 14, 2019

The Abortion Debate :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Abortion Debate During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder (Kolner 5). In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth month abortion is serious and actually induced as childbirth. That is, the mother is given substances which puts her into labor and delivers the fetus as she would a full-term baby. About 40 percent of Americans believe that abortion should remain legal and 40 percent believe it should be banned except when the pregnancy threatens the life of the mother or is the result of rape or incest.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Economic Performance And Current Situation Overview Economics Essay

The Hong Kong ‘s economic system is presently in an upward tendency. It is said to be the universe ‘s freest economic system, the 2nd largest beginning of foreign direct investing ( FDI ) in Asia, the universe ‘s 9th largest foreign exchange militias keeping, the universe ‘s 2nd highest per capita retention of foreign exchange militias and the universe ‘s more services-oriented economic system whereby the service sector accounts for more than 90 % of GDP. Hong Kong has successfully overcome the strict challenges from the planetary recession of 2009. It has been able to raise its existent Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) from -2.7 % in 2009 to +6.8 % in 2010, therefore overcoming the economic recession of 2009. Hong Kong ‘s economic growing was achieved because of the robust rise in entire ware exports and service exports every bit good as the autumn in unemployment rate. However, the rising prices rate which is measured by the composite Consumer Pric e Index besides rise from 0.9 % in 2009 to 2.9 % in 2010, connoting that on norm the monetary values of all goods and services rose by 2.9 cents in every US $ over the twelvemonth. It is of import to observe that rising prices rate in Hong Kong, which refers to a general and sustained rise in the degree of monetary values of goods and services was chiefly due to imported rising prices, that is, addition in the monetary values of imported goods from overseas besides boosts up the monetary values of goods and services locally. The figure below shows the economic tendency of Hong Kong since 2000. From the chart, it can be clearly seen that Hong Kong ‘s existent GDP has fell by 3.7 % ( 10.5 % in 2000 – 6.8 % in 2010 ) over the last 10 old ages. At the same clip, it can besides be observed that Hong Kong experienced a major diminution from 10.5 % in 2000 to 0.1 % in 2001 because of the deterioration of the external environment prompted by the downswing in the US economic system, and with the state of affairs aggravated by the tragic event in the United States on 11th September 2001 when two air hoses crashed into the Twin Towers of World Trade Center in New York City. Furthermore, with the recent economic growing in 2010, citizens of Hong Kong are better off as the existent GDP per capita, that is, income per caput besides increases over the last three old ages from 2008 to 2010. Besides, it is every bit of import to advert that Hong Kong has four economic pillars: Trading and Logistics ( 24.1 % of GDP in footings of value-added in 2009 ) , Tourism ( 3.3 % ) , Financial Services ( 15.2 % ) , and Professional Services and other manufacturer services ( 13.1 % ) . On the other manus, there are six industries in which Hong Kong has clear advantages for farther development and which histories for 8 % of GDP in footings of value-added in 2009. The six industries comprises of Cultural and Creative Industry, Medical Services, Education Services, Innovation and Technology, Testing and Certification Services, and Environmental Services. Now, allow us analyze in deepness the different elements structuring the economic system of Hong Kong. The Domestic Sector The Domestic Sector contributed a batch on the economic growing of Hong Kong with the retail gross revenues holding a important recoil, reflecting a return of consumer assurance and strong influxs of tourers. The value of retail gross revenues increased by 18.3 % in 2010 compared to a 0.6 % rise in 2009. Furthermore, the touristry sector besides experienced a sustain growing with visitant reachings making 36.3 million, a 21.8 % addition in 2010 compared to 2009 with visitant reachings stand foring 29.6 million, a 0.3 % addition. The chart below shows how retail gross revenues and tourers reachings have fared strongly through to the twelvemonth terminal on a year-on-year footing since 2005 to 2010. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hketosydney.gov.hk/cust/HK_Feb_2011.pdf The External Sector Hong Kong ‘s external sector besides continued to do strongly in 2010 thanks to the vigorous economic public presentation of Asiatic economic systems, peculiarly the Mainland. The Mainland and other Asiatic markets, which accounts for around 70 % of Hong Kong ‘s entire exports of goods, remained the cardinal growing driver, registering a important rise of around 20 % in existent footings in 2010 compared to a autumn of 6.6 % in existent footings in 2009. It is of import to observe that the Asiatic markets particularly the Mainland continued to surpass the US and EU markets, mirroring the divergent form of planetary economic recovery across parts due to the addition in the petroleum oil monetary values in January 2011 to US $ 93 per barrel and besides due to the political agitation in Egypt. The diagram below illustrates how the Asiatic markets have surpassed the US and EU markets over the last five old ages. Two-Speed Growth Continued Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hketosydney.gov.hk/cust/HK_Feb_2011.pdf Now allow us see the two different types of trade: seeable and unseeable. Visible Trade Visible Trade refers to the imports and exports of goods, such as oil, machines, nutrient, chemicals and so on. The major states to which Hong Kong exports its goods are Mainland of China, United States, European Union, Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. Though after the planetary recession in 2009, Hong Kong ‘s exports to these states have improved well like exports to Mainland in existent footings rose from -6.6 % in 2009 to 20 % in 2010 ; yet the European Union still lagged behind with merely a 6.6 % addition in existent footings in seeable exports in 2010 compared to the other major markets who have seen a double-digit addition in exports in the current twelvemonth. Similarly, the imports of goods in existent footings rose from -9.4 % in 2009 to 18.6 % in 2010. The maintained imports for most of the merchandises like consumer goods, groceries, natural stuffs and capital goods of Hong Kong climbed significantly in 2010 compared to 2009 whilst fuels retained impo rts fell by 9.3 % ( 23.2 % in 2009 – 13.9 % in 2010 ) . This was chiefly due to the recent rise in the petroleum oil monetary values. The figure below shows how seeable imports and exports have fared since 2005. It can be seen that both imports and exports of goods have increased since 2005 and have been able to excel the planetary recession in 2009. Invisible Trade Invisible Trade refers to the exchange of services, that is, imports and exports of services like fiscal and concern services, travel services, trade-related services and transit services. Exports of services sustained a strong growing throughout 2010, jumping by 15.0 % in existent footings for the twelvemonth as a whole, following the 0.3 % growing in 2009. Among the major service constituents of Hong Kong, the exports of travel services showed the strongest public presentation thanks to the ample inflow of visitants from te regional every bit good as long-haul markets. Likewise, exports of trade-related services besides grew aggressively in 2010 benefiting from the improved trading environment in Asia. On the other manus, imports of services experienced a rise up to 10.9 % in existent footings in 2010, in contrast to the 4.9 % contraction in 2009. The imports of services grew solidly in line with improvong the economic conditions. Hong Kong Trade Balance Although Hong Kong is sing important addition in its exports and imports of both good and services, the seeable trade shortage in 2010 has widened compared to 2009. But this seeable trade shortage was overcomed by the high unseeable trade excess ; therefore assisting the economic system of Hong Kong to give a trade balance excess of $ 104.6 billion equivalent to 2.8 % of entire value of imports of goods and services in 2010 compared to merchandise excess of $ 121.3 billion stand foring 4 % of the entire value of imports of goods and services in 2009. The figure below depicts Hong Kong trade public presentation over the last five old ages. It can clearly be seen that Hong Kong has been sing seeable trade shortage since 2005 its imports exceeded its exports. However, due to its high invible trade excess over the last five old ages, Hong Kong continues to hold a favorable trade balance which underlines the state ‘s strong external fight. The Financial Sector The heavy market concerns over lifting financial shortages and public debts in a few European economic systems have made the stock market more volatile recently. As a consequence, the Hong Kong dollar topographic point exchange rate moved withing a narrow scope of 7.749 to 7.805 per US dollar in 2010. Despite a brief weakening around the center of the twelvemonth amid possible capital escapes induced by heightened concerns about the European debt crisis, the Hong Kong spot exchange rate showed renewed strength thenceforth on the dorsum of strong demand associated with the vivacious Initial Public Offerings ( IPOs ) activities. Furthermore, under the Linked Exchange Rate system, motions in the Hong Kong dollar exchange rates against other currencies closely follow those of the US dollar. In 2010, the US dollar strengthened against the Euro and the British Pound amid concerns about the European debt job but weakened further against most other currencies, particularly the Australian dol lar and the Nipponese Yen. Consequently, in December 2010 the trade-weighted Hong Kong dollar Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rate Indexs declined by 2.2 % and 2.1 % severally from 2009. Hence, Hong Kong dollar weakened against most major currencies as shown in the figure below for the twelvemonth 2010. Hong Kong dollar weakened slightly recently in 2010/11 In add-on, Hong Kong is a extremely attractive market for foreign direct investing. Harmonizing to the UNCTAD World Investment Report 2010, Hong Kong was the universe ‘s 4th largest FDI receiver, pulling US $ 48 billion in 2009. This marks the first clip that Hong Kong has gained 4th topographic point in the planetary rankings and represents a leap from its 9th place in 2008. For the 12th back-to-back twelvemonth, Hong Kong continues to be the 2nd largest FDI receiver in Asia, after the Chinese mainland. On the other manus, Hong Kong was the 2nd largest beginning of FDI in Asia, draging Japan, with FDI escapes amounting to US $ 52 billion in 2009. Further, imparting to all major economic sectors grew at a alert gait as Hong Kong has a low involvement rate. In other footings, involvement rates on both sweeping and retail foreparts continued to remain at historically low degrees in 2010. The Labour Sector Labour market conditions improved further on a wide forepart as a consequence of the strong choice up of economic activities and substancial occupation creative activity. Entire employment rose to an all-time high by end-2010, forcing the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate down farther to 4.0 % in the 4th one-fourth of 2010. Underemployment rate likewise dropped to 1.8 % . Labour income continued besides to lift. It is of import to observe that the new occupations created were non merely adequate for absorbing the bing umemployed individuals but besides the new entrants joing the labour force. The line chart below shows the tendency in unemployment rates since 2006. Unemployment rate declined for most in 2010, led by the important upturn in labour demand Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hkeconomy.gov.hk/en/pdf/er_10q4.pdf Monetary values Inflation force per unit areas in Hong Kong went up bit by bit over the class of 2010 chiefly due to higher imported rising prices. Monetary values of nutrient and other trade goods rose strongly in the international markets in 2010 along with the continued planetary economic recovery and the really accommodating pecuniary environment worldwide. For 2010 as a whole, the Composite Consumer Price Index rose by 2.4 % following the 0.5 % addition in 2009 when the economic system was in deflation for several months in the twelvemonth. As mentioned antecedently, rising prices was besides caused by imported rising prices. In other footings, import monetary values augmented notably in 2010, due to the strong recoils in planetary trade good monetary values, higher rising prices in supply beginnings and to a lesser extent the somewhat weaker Hong Kong dollar alongside the US dollar ; accordingly, these increase the imported rising prices in Hong Kong. Inflation in Hong Kong Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hketosydney.gov.hk/cust/HK_Feb_2011.pdf Key: CCPI stands for Composite Consumer Price Index ( * ) The underlying CCPI has netted out the effects of all relevant one-off steps introduced since 2007, including the release and Government ‘s payment of public lodging leases, rates concession, suspension of Employee Retraining Levy, and subsidies for family electricity charges. However, it is critical to indicate out that Hong Kong was non the alone state to be sing lifting rising prices on 2010. Many Asiatic economic systems with vivacious growing in activities besides saw higher inflationary force per unit areas throughout the twelvemonth.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Favorite Holidays Essay

1. One of my favorite Holidays is 4th of July. A few years ago my dad and I went to Washington to pick out some illegal fireworks. So we went to the Black Cat firework store . I got some mortars and roman candles and all the fun fireworks you could think of. So the day before 4th of July we were lighting off a few roman candles and all of a sudden a under cover police car pulled into our driveway and the police officer inside the car said â€Å"are you lighting off illegal fireworks?† because he saw me with the roman candles, and my dad said â€Å"yes† so the police officer confiscated all the fireworks we had bought and were fined a thousand dollars. We did get our ticket reduced down to $250 because we attended a fire works class. This definitely opened my eyes to the danger of fire works. From that day forward, I’ve learned not to do anything your not supposed to do, like buy illegal fireworks. 2. My sister graduated last year and moved to Los Angeles to pursue her passion. She grew up training in dance and singing. We have a close family and we support her all the way. My family and I traveled to see her this summer. She sang originals song and danced with her back up dancers for the music label industry. Very important people were their to see her. She did fantastic and is signing with a major record label. She will be releasing her single by the end of this year and her album in Januarary of 2014. This was a big eye opener to me to know that working hard and pursuing your dreams can really come true. 3. A couple years ago my grandmother passed away. She was very sick the last few days she was alive and my family and I knew she only had a few more days before she was to pass away. I helped her all that I could and so did my parents. She was a great grandmother and nobody could replace her, she was my dads mother, she was the best grandmother anybody could ask for. I remember the game we use to play when she would babysit me, it was called hide the thimble. She had a thumb thimble for sewing, and we use to hide it all over her house kind of like hide and seek, she also used to make the best brownies I have ever eaten. But from that day on I have always learned one thing, you never know how much you miss someone until there gone.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

The 1860s Boshin War in Japan

The 1860s Boshin War in Japan When  Commodore Matthew Perry  and the American black ships showed up in Edo Harbor, their appearance and subsequent opening of  Japan  set off an unpredictable chain of events in  Tokugawa Japan, chief among them a civil war that broke out fifteen years later: the Boshin War. The Boshin War lasted only two years, between 1868 and 1869, and pitted Japanese samurai and nobles against the reigning Tokugawa regime, wherein the samurai wanted to overthrow the  shogun  and return political power to the emperor. Ultimately, t he militant pro-emperor samurai of Satsuma and Choshu convinced the emperor to issue a decree dissolving the House of Tokugawa, a potentially fatal blow to the former shoguns family. First Signs of the War On January 27, 1868, the shogunates army - numbering over 15,000 and primarily comprised of traditional samurai  - attacked the troops of Satsuma and Choshu at the southern entrance to Kyoto, the imperial capital. Choshu and Satsuma had only 5,000 troops in the fight, but they had modern weaponry including rifles, howitzers, and even Gatling guns. When the pro-imperial troops won the two-day-long fight, several important daimyo switched their allegiance from the shogun to the emperor. On February 7, the former shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu left Osaka and withdrew to his own capital city of Edo (Tokyo). Discouraged by his flight, the shogunal forces gave up their defense of Osaka Castle, which fell to imperial forces the following day. In another blow to the shogun, foreign ministers from the western powers decided in early February to recognize the emperors government as the rightful government of Japan. However, this did not prevent samurai on the imperial side from attacking foreigners in several separate incidents as anti-foreigner sentiment was running very high. A New Empire is Born Saigo Takamori, later famed as the Last Samurai, led the emperors troops across Japan to encircle Edo in May of 1869 and the shoguns capital city surrendered unconditionally a short time later. Despite this apparently quick defeat of the shogunal forces, the commander of the shoguns navy refused to surrender eight of his ships, instead heading north, hoping to join forces with the Aizu clans samurai and other northern domain warriors, who were still loyal to the shogunal government. The Northern Coalition was valiant but relied on traditional fighting methods and weaponry. It took the well-armed imperial troops from May to November of 1869 to finally defeat the stubborn northern resistance, but on November 6, the last Aizu samurai surrendered.   Two weeks earlier, the Meiji Period had officially begun, and the former shogunal capital at Edo was renamed Tokyo, meaning eastern capital.   Fallout and Consequences Although the Boshin War was over, fallout from this series of events continued. Die-hards from the Northern Coalition, as well as a few French military advisers, tried to set up a separate Ezo Republic on the northern island of Hokkaido, but the short-lived republic surrendered and winked out of existence on June 27, 1869. In an interesting twist, Saigo Takamori of the very pro-Meiji Satsuma Domain later regretted his role in the Meiji Restoration. He ended up being swept into a leadership role in the doomed Satsuma Rebellion, which ended in 1877 with his death.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

How to Deal With Suckers and Watersprouts on Trees

How to Deal With Suckers and Watersprouts on Trees In horticulture, the terms  sucker  and  watersprout  refer  to vigorous new shoots that grow from root stock or dormant bud tissue on trunks and branches. They are mostly a problem on fruit trees and some types of landscape trees. Suckers and watersprouts may occur on any tree when the tree has experienced stressful conditions, such as drought, severe pruning, or loss of a limb.   Watersprouts vs. Suckers Watersprouts and suckers are similar, but not exactly the same. They differ primarily in their location on the tree. A sucker is effectively a new propagation of a tree, but one that originates at the basil root level rather than by a seed. Suckers typically sprout up from below ground level, or very near the ground. They grow up as an extension of the roots. On grafted trees, such as many fruit trees, the sucker will sprout up below the level of the graft. If left to grow, the new tree will have the characteristics of the root stock tree, not the grafted stock. Such suckers should be removed when they appear. Certain species of trees typically propagate themselves through this type of reproduction, and suckers are also common on them. Privet and hazel trees are two such species. Here, too, suckers are considered invasive  and should be removed. Left unattended, suckers can gradually overtake a yard.   A watersprout is a form of shoot that originates above ground,  on the trees trunk or branches at the location of latent bud tissues. Watersprouts are very likely to arise in response to pruning or damage to the tree, such as branches broken off in storms. They are undesirable because the tissues in a watersprouts are not as strong as normal branches. In fruit trees, watersprout branches normally produce little, if any, fruit.   Sucker sprouts and water sprouts can sometimes provide clues to a  trees health. Both types of sprouts may indicate that there is injury or dead wood above the level of the sprouts. This is likely when a tree without a history of such sprouting begins to send out suckers and watersprouts. They are a compensatory mechanism, an attempt by the tree for to find vigor when it is not being provided by other vegetation.   How to Remove Suckers and Watersprouts It is best to remove suckers and watersprouts immediately. These shoots  divert energy from upper growth on the tree, and removing them will promote development  of the upper greenery. Suckers and watersprouts  can also quickly ruin the aesthetic appearance  of a tree.  Ã‚   Some care should be taken when removing suckers and watersprouts  to ensure clean edges. Tearing away sprouts can leave ragged edges where bacterial or fungus can take hold, so cutting them away with sharp tools is a better strategy.   Mix one part bleach and 10 parts water in a bucket.Dip your hand pruner or lopping shares into the bleach solution to sterilize the blades.  Cut away the sprout with the blade held at a 45- to 60-degree angle, as close as possible to the trunk, tree branch, or tree base. The goal is to cut inside any bud areas where new sprouts might emerge. Take care not to damage the trunk or main branch.   Where suckers or watershoots are extremely  prevalent, or when they appear suddenly on a tree with no history of them, it may indicate a major problem with the tree.  Removal of the tree  may be your only solution when suckers are too numerous. You will then need to apply a brush killer to control the sprouts that may come up from the remaining stump.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Application of concept Analysis to Clinical Practice Essay

Application of concept Analysis to Clinical Practice - Essay Example Teamwork is considered a major facilitator for effective communication in various clinical settings. However, the meaning and nature of teamwork requires an in-depth research for effective translation of the concept into practice. As healthcare systems are regarded as organizations, teamwork helps to create more adaptive and productive working environments facilitating positive and cost-effective outcomes. Healthcare institutions throughout the world advocate the need for development of effective healthcare teams. Many researchers have even warned that lack of teamwork amongst healthcare individuals can lead to unsafe patient care practices. Better communication and understanding among healthcare professionals may reduce medication errors and effect patient outcomes positively. The lack of conceptual clarity with regards to actual representation of the concept is one of the major hindrances in clinical practice. ... thod as a concept may imply number of meanings in different contexts and it is important for clarification of concept to be explored according to its unique context. As the understanding of teamwork concept was merely addressed in healthcare theories, the authors compared their findings with theories from organizational theory literature. In first two steps of the process, the concept of team work was identified and purpose of the analysis was established. The study aimed at providing useful definition for the concept within healthcare, which also has implications for future research. Along from nursing, other literature was also searched to prevent biasness of opinion. Various databases including, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science and Cambridge Scientific Abstracts were searched for terms ‘team working’, ‘teamwork’, ‘team’ and ‘team working’ to screen titles. Existing definitions for the concept were also deeply researched from liter ature published in the last few decades. In the next step, the uses of the concept were identified. It is critical to note here that though the concept should be examined across different disciplines, but complete explorations can sometimes also render the results impractical. For instance, in human resource management, teamwork increases the expertise and skills of the employees. Learning capabilities are nourished and enhanced through team work in educational settings. In healthcare, team work reduces medical errors to a greater extent improving patient outcomes. Multiple definitions for ‘Team’ and ‘Work’ were both combined and separately sought and analyzed from various English as well as medical dictionaries for better understanding of the combined term. Some attributes of teamwork were also determined in the next

Thursday, October 31, 2019

HRIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRIS - Essay Example As stated, the self service portals help a lot in reduction of costs, which, from a return on investment (ROI) viewpoint, is a very effective method. The investment that the company makes in implementing one of the portals is returned by the low cost invested in employing HR personnel for the company. One of the best practices in implementing self service portals for the organizations is understanding the need of the organization, the size and the way the employees use the information. However, a common error that companies make is by implementing portals that are static and do not have interesting content, thus reducing the potential impact of the portal (Gueutal and Stone, 2012). Based on the reading material and the experiences from other people who have used the portals, I would recommend one of the portals to a current or previous employer. As is evident, the portals helps in managing information and communication channels between the employer and employer and also helps in reducing the costs faced by the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Argue whether Jennie Livingston's Paris is Burning is primarily a film Essay

Argue whether Jennie Livingston's Paris is Burning is primarily a film about class, race or gender and why. Argue from two different perspectives - Essay Example The film extensively features the groupings and team formations of the members of the ball culture, with such social formations being the basis of the contestants’ protection strength. Thus, the film features a shift from the ballrooms contesting activities to interviews with the major participants in the contests, to clearly paint the picture of the LGBT community in New York, and summarize the theme of gender, sexuality and social classes as informing the ball culture (Leila and Verta, 44). Further, the themes of racism, homophobia and poverty also features in the film, to complement the experiences of the LGBT community encountered from interacting with the larger heterosexual community. Therefore, this discussion seeks to analyze the major themes exploited in Jennie Livingstons ‘Paris is Burning’, with a view to argue from two different perspectives. The first perspective of the discussion will hold that ‘Paris is Burning’ is primarily a film abou t gender; while the second perspective will argue that ‘Paris is Burning’ is primarily a film about race. Jennie Livingstons ‘Paris is Burning’ is primarily a film about gender, considering that it features the male gender that consistently tries to embrace the female gender’s culture, behavior and mannerisms, predominantly with the black and Latino men being featured in their gay context in New York (Rafferty, n.p.). In the film, the Black and the Latino gay men are involved in a series of competitions, and in them, they have devised cross-gender dressing and fashion style, which they then complement with the founding of the voguing dance style (Dean, 22). The film is primarily a portrayal of the Black and Latino gay men imitating the female poses, dance style, fashion dressing and walking style, which forms part of the gay mannerisms. In this respect, the film is a representation of the

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Training and development

Training and development Training and development Human Resource Development (HRD) can be universally recognised as a very effective approach to improve performance within training. Training consists of a variety of experiences that intend to enhance and develop skills and knowledge in order to accomplish organisational objectives, to improve and change organisational aspects within the work place (Bramley 1996; Broad Newstorm 1992). According to Manpower Services Commission (1981) training is a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge, skills, or behaviour through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities. Its purpose in work situation is to develop the abilities of the individuals and to satisfy the current and future needs of the organisation. In the same way development is a type of progression in which persons may find it more effective when learning through experiences. It is a procedure that helps people make use of the skills and knowledge that their past teachings and training has given them, this helps not only in present jobs but also anything that may come up in the future. It personifies theories and ideas connected with psychological growth, greater immaturity and increased confidence. According to Ivancevich (2004), training and development are processes that provide (or at least try to) a personnel with information and skills they need in order to understand the organisation and its goals. They are designed to help a person continue to make positive contributions in the form of good performance. Training helps personnel do their current work better while development prepares them for the future. Training is an important process to every personnel. It is a systematic process in which an individual is aided to alter his behaviour in a direction that will achieve the organisations goals. Ivancevich (2004) describes the goals of training as training validity, transfer validity, intra-organisational validity, and inter-organisational validity. Training validity determines if the trainees learn skills or acquire knowledge or abilities during training while transfer validity determines if these learned skills or acquired knowledge or abilities result to improvement on job performance. Intra-organisational validity determines if the job performance of a new group of trainees in the same organisation that developed the program comparable to that of the original training groups job performance. Finally, intra-organisational validity determines if the validated training program in one organisation can be applied with successful results in another organisation. Noe (2003) defines training as â€Å"planned effort by a company to facilitate personnel learning of job-related competencies† including knowledge, skills, or behaviours that are critical for successful job performance. Training helps personnel master knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviours emphasised in training programs and to apply them in their day-to-day activities (Noe 2003). As argued by Noe (2003), training is a process which not only needs basic skills, which would be skills that are sufficient enough to perform ones job, but also needs skills at an advanced levels which enables a person to use high technological information and share it with other personnel. This would be perfect in order to gain competitive advantage. A good understanding of the customer and the system is also a key aspect within training. Al of these put together collectively defines intellectual capital. A training initiative which requires generating intellectual capital is a training which goes by the name of high -leverage training. According to Carnevale (1990), high-leverage training, which is linked to strategic business goals and objectives, uses an instructional design process to ensure the effectiveness of training programs, and compares or benchmarks the companys training programs against other companys training programs. According to Richard M. Hodgetts and Fred Luthans (1976), training is a procedure of changing behaviour and attitudes in a way that increases the success of reaching ones targets. According to both theorists culture, customs and work habits of the local people should also be taught in training process. And if all the above mentioned factors along with other factors are considered properly it would boost towards the success of any establishment. Formal training programs are not seen to be enough in accordance to todays fast moving world, this is the thought contributed by the author Hall (2004). A few other things the author believes is that in order to uphold certain standards that are commercial and cost effective, the people should be execution experts. A lot of senior executives believe that budget will stay tight, even after a full economic recovery, and that headcount, time. IT support, and other resources will continue to be in short supply. The opportunity and demand for enterprise-wide initiatives to bring about wholesale change will only increase. If you are a leader of learning, your future and the future of your organisation depends on your ability to make significant initiatives happen despite the challenges of day-to-day work. To acquire this you need to become an execution expert. Todays best-in-class learning professionals operate differently than those who came before them. Their thoughts are focused on 3 areas: business strategy, resources, and execution. (Hall 2004, p65-6). Two different training methods are identified by the authors (Ferris et al, 2006), the first set of training is described as the routine training which is given to all level of working staff. The other set of training however, is a type of training in which political skills is the main and important component of training and development process and is aimed mainly for senior executives. As the work force moves up the chain of command to higher jobs at wider scales, technical capability is less important and political skill takes its place. When the centre for Creative Leadership studied why once-promising executives failed on the job, lack of social effectiveness emerged as a leading cause. The political skill which is mentioned quite a bit, is a type of skill that distinguishes successful and efficient managers from those managers who are inefficient. It is also an ability which merges together social intelligence which facilitates and adjusts to situations where differentiation and changes are of demand. In return this helps in developing and advancing the working conditions. Training and development at individual level:- To identify each persons own knowledge, skills and abilities in order to assess each individual and progress them at the pace According themselves. Psychology theorists e.g. Likert (1961), Mayo (1933) cited by Younglin (2001) entails that employee satisfaction and well being are related to performance, but in those theories they did not explicitly hypothesize about the appropriate level of analysis, for example individuals, groups or organizations. Assessments and one to one meetings allow employees to reflect on their own learning needs in relation to their work aims. It also provides well controlled learning experiences linked to professional and administrative needs, goals and job requirements. Individual levelled training and development is the base and the stepping stone of any needs assessment. All managers have different emphasis on specific needs collaborating with their job description, level of education and intelligence experience and personal choice. Focusing on employees individual needs appraisals makes it easier to compile personal development plans that suit each employee according to their own level of competency. Training and development at organisational level:- It is vital for organisations to focus on peoples capability to foresee, adapt and respond to sudden changes in the environment. Training and development will have to join together it with corporate goals. It must be accurate with what the business leaders are trying to achieve. In order for training to seem more appropriate, its programme will revolve around business related matters for the future. In practice, its achievements will shoulder on developing apparent training objectives from the tactical issues of the business. Effective managers are created in an environment where there is continuity in the learning manner. A high level of experience, expertise and mind power of the internal as well as external trainers is essential, along with their commitment and capability to maintain a healthy relationship committed to management maturity. The method of learning can often engage unlearning certain behaviours and attitudes. certainly, in relation to organisations (Hamel Prahalad 1994, cited in Cole, 2000, p268) found that ‘creating a â€Å" learning organisation† is only half the solution. Just as important is creating an â€Å" unlearning organisation†to create the future, a company must unlearn at least some of its past. According to Cole (2000) training and development of workforce is a concern that is faced by more or less all the establishment. The quantity and excellence of training carried out varies a lot from organisation to organisation. Therefore most of the establishments are adapting systematic approach to the training and development of their employees. Organisations use systematic training cycle to perform a logical sequence of activities commencing within the organisations starting with the training policy, assessment of training needs, carrying out training and evaluations. Cole (2000, p.278) summarises that this training cycle is quite beneficial within an organisation. The systematic approach to training and development arises from the amount of internal and external stress for alteration in the organisation. Firstly in a systematic approach is to develop a policy statement to act as a channel to the organisations intentions regarding the weight and track to be given by to training and development. Secondly initialise a set of roles for those in charge for implementing the policy and thirdly to set up a appropriate structure of training posts and procedures, and to allocate adequate funds to the training establishment. As all the steps are followed with completeness then one can focus on the analysis of training needs, evaluation and review of training carried out. Training policy Establishments mostly deal with a wide range of policies dealing with human resources. Policies are set by the establishments to develop their employees and to monitor their performance by certain training and development programs and courses, conducted internally or externally. According to Cole (2000),training focuses on learning needs and are mainly associated to existing responsibilities and duties which are narrowly linked to short, medium and long term business plans and are seen as an key element of an establishment to prove to its consumers, training and development are the key to success of any organisational goals which indicates the overall plan of an organisation, execution of training and development programs provides a direct link to the organisational goals for those who are accountable for the best possible results. Most of the organisations have a extended tradition of raising their own managers and professionals and providing them with in-house courses according to organisational needs. Some of the organisations rely on external management trainings and courses. Training needs Needs assessment is the process of determining if training is necessary (Noe 2003) and identifying the organisations training needs (Ivancevich 2004) and answering the question of whether training addresses the organisations needs, objectives and problems (Arthur et al. 2003). According to Noe (2003), if the needs assessment phase, the first phase in the instructional design process, is poorly conducted, training will not meet the desired outcome or financial benefit for the company, regardless of the training method and the learning environment. According to Boydell (1985) there are three levels of training needs which are to be studied before putting the programs in to practice. This three-step process consists of organisational analysis, person analysis and task analysis. There are a few factors linked with organisational analysis, such as when given the company resources is the relevant training appropriate, where is training needed in the organisation, which goals can be accomplished through personnel training, and if to determine as to wether or not training can be used to improve a companys success ( Noe 2003, Arthur et al. 2003, Ivancevich 2004). When assessed at an organisational level we must see the general weaknesses the organisation has perceived in its priorities and what would be the prescribed remedy that would be required in alteration of the organisational culture. According to Noe (2003), there are three factors to be considered before choosing training as a solution, these three factors being, the companys strategic direction, managers and peers support for training activities and the training resources available.(Noe 2003) Training to some level should help a company achieve its business strategy. If one was to define a business strategy, it is said that this is an approach which refers to a plan that joins together the companys goal, policies and actions (Meister 2000). Noe (2003) also mentions that â€Å"the strategic role of training influences the frequency and type of training, and how the training function is organised in the company.† (p 42) it is more likely the regularity of training will be higher in companies where training is expected to be a factor in the achievement of the companys business strategies and goals as a post to those companies where in training is done randomly or unplanned. Also it is said that the higher the strategic role of planning, it is more likely that the company will organise the training purpose using a virtual training organisation or corporate university models. (Noe 2003) The managers and peers support for training activities is a critical factor in considering a training programme. To be successful, managers and peers should have a positive attitude in participating a training activity. Furthermore, managers and peers should be willing to provide trainees with information on how they can effectively use knowledge, skill or behaviours learned in the training activity (Bramley 1996). To determine the initiation of a training activity it is essential for the company to have all necessary resources. For example if a company decides to hire a consultant for training purposes it is vital for that consultant to provide a high quality level of training. According to Noe (2003), it is advisable that a company use request for proposal (RFP) because it helps to identify the consultants or vendors who qualify for the criteria. RFP includes the type of service the company is seeking, the type and number of references needed, the number of personnel to be trained, the funding for the project, the follow-up process used to determine the level of satisfaction and service, expected date of completion, and the date when proposals must be received by the company (Noe 2003). Person analysis is a procedure which helps the establishment to identify the personnel and how they need to be trained. The analysis verifies all the necessary personnel readiness for training and development, such as personnel abilities, attitudes, beliefs, and enthusiasm. All these factors are vital for the person to learn from the training activity and apply it to the job. Being ready and fully aware for training also means that the work atmosphere will aid with learning and will not hinder with any kind of performance (Noe 2003). The present abilities (skills, knowledge and attitudes) of each staff member concerned had to be assessed against the higher standards needed to carry out their work satisfactorily and any short falls remedied through training. An indicator of the need for training is poor performance measured by customer complaints, low performance ratings, or on-the-job incidents such as accidents and unsafe behaviour. Job changes are also an indicator of the need for training. Job changes can be improvement of the current level of performances or the need for personnel to complete new tasks. (Noe 2003) According to Rummler and Brache (1996), factors such as, person characteristics, input, output, knowledge, consequences and feedback control personnel performance. Persons qualities are what construct the knowledge, skills and abilities of the personnel. The above mentioned factor of input refers to the directives that enable the personnel to know when, what and how to perform but at the same time also, the resources such as equipment, time or budget contributes also to the performance. Output is the standard according to the personnel of how the job is performed. A consequence is an aspect that gives encouragement to the personnel when they perform well. Feedback is the information the personnel receive while they are performing (Noe 2003). Ivancevich (2004) describes task analysis as the identification of the tasks, knowledge, skills and behaviours that should be covered in a training program. According to Schneier, Guthrie and Olian (1988), there are four steps involved in task analysis. First, select the job or jobs to be analysed. Then, build up a preliminary list of tasks performed on the job. This can be done by interviewing and observing expert personnel and their managers and talking with others who have performed a task analysis. Third, confirm the preliminary list of tasks by asking several questions regarding the tasks a group of subject matter experts in a meeting or through a written survey. Through this, the management can determine which tasks must be included in the training program. Important tasks that are frequently performed and of moderate to high level of difficulty should be included in the training while tasks that are not important and infrequently performed should not be included. However, since there are tasks that are important but are less frequently performed, managers and trainers should determine whether these tasks should be trained for. (Noe 2003) The last step is to identify the knowledge, skills or abilities needed to successfully perform the tasks identified. Similar in identifying the tasks to be trained for, knowledge, skills or abilities necessary can be learned through interviews and questionnaires. It is important to know the level of difficulty in learning knowledge, skills and abilities (Bramley 1996). Ivancevich (2004) points out that these assessment categories are important. However, training assessment should focus on the personnel needs because it is at the individual or group level that training is conducted (Ivancevich 2003, p114). According to Kirkpatrick, there are four ways to determine the personnel needs for training. These are through observation of the personnel, listening to the personnel, asking the supervisors about their personnel needs, and examining the problems the personnel have with regards to their job (Kirkpatrick 1996). Michalak and Yager (1979) further stresses that by doing this, the manager is actually conducting a performance analysis. There are steps in performance analysis. First step is the evaluation of the personnel performance and determining if there is a behaviour discrepancy in the personnel performance. Next, the cost and value of correcting the identified behaviour discrepancy should be determined. Then, determine if the personnel can do the expected job if he wanted to (Ivancevich 2004). Then, establish a standard and communicate this clearly to improve job performance. Then, remove obstacles that might cause behaviour discrepancy. Next, the manager should give the personnel time to practice the skills, knowledge and abilities needed in performing their job. Next, decide if the job should be redesigned. If all else fails, the managers should take matters to the next level and decide whether to transfer the personnel to another department or to terminate his contract. However, performance analysis may result to a problem in the driving force. Corroborations such as reward, punishment, or discipline may be essential to create stimulus for the whole work force. Performance analysis may also lead to recognising a need for training and development. However, some organisations avoid doing training needs assessment. According to Schneier, Guthrie and Olian (1988), the possible reasons for this are lack of information on conducting training needs assessment, management scepticism on the effectiveness of training needs assessment, poor planning and lack of time in doing training needs assessment. But Schneier, Guthrie and Olian (1988) stress that training needs assessment should be done because there are many benefits that result from doing this such as improving the training function, tying in with other personnel/human resource management (P/HRM) programs and improving their efficacy, and increasing legal defensibility. Training Process Though typically the shortest phase in the training process, the training program itself encompasses a myriad of details which must be thought about carefully in order that a program will run smoothly, remain true to its defined objectives, and facilitate the transfer of knowledge. Coordinating the logistics of a training program is a detailed and essential step in planning a successful training program. As Van Wart, Cayer, and Cook (1993, p.235) point out, careful planning results in substantially fewer problems, headaches, and even disasters. Countless items such as facilities, room set-up, scheduling, registration, snacks, name tags, audio-visual needs, correspondence with trainees, social events, and the compilation of training materials must be taken into account to insure a successful program. In addition, it is important to plan in advance how to open and close a training session, to avoid awkward transitions and a poor climate during the session (Nadler Nadler 1994). Another important consideration is the materials and kit which will be used to communicate information to the participants. Handouts, textbooks, manuals, and other visual aids (VanWart, Cayer, Cook 1994) enhance the training environment and give participants tangible records of their training to take away and refer to when a refresher is necessary. There should be plenty of materials for all of the participants and extras for those who may register at the last minute. Equipment should be checked to make sure it is in good working condition prior to the program (Nadler Nadler 1994). And finally, as with most things in life, it never hurts to have a contingency plan. A training program may incorporate many different types of strategies for communicating information and fostering a learning environment. Lectures, group activities, discussions, videos, games, guest speakers, case studies, presentations, panel discussions, outdoor interventions, and hands-on skill training are but a few examples of the variety of methods which exist for use in training situations. Beary (1994) suggests that trainers should use questions in training to serve as icebreakers, determine knowledge levels and attitudes, stimulate discussion, share knowledge, make transitions, and build teams. Harris (1994) puts forth his P.R.A.C.T.I.C.A.L. model for better-than-average presentations which calls for attention to be paid to: Partnerships, Rhetorical questions, the Ability to be spontaneous, Conversational style, Tone of voice, Involvement, Creativity, Acute relevance, and Lucidity. Harris also provides four verbal tools which can be used to vary presentations through language. Analogies, alliteration, plays on words, and rhymes can be useful ways to draw attention to material which may require spicing up. A trainer would certainly want to consider his or her audience before using some of these tools. A group of firemen may not be impressed by rhyming skills, while a group of writers might find it very refreshing. Kaeter (1994) suggests several ways to create a training culture, which, she explains, will enhance the environment and may even help a trainer to deal with the ever-present resistant trainee. Her ideas include: researching the situation in advance, making knowledge relevant to those situations, facilitating rather than lecturing, making a clear link between the person, the job, and the goals of the organisation, not ignoring resistant participants, deflecting attacks by drawing in the group, and being available after training for questions and one-on-one discussions. Given that in almost every training situation, there will be one or two individuals who are resistant to the ideas being presented, (or to the very idea of being at a training program) it is important to create a culture which deals proactively with resisters and allows learning to occur for everyone. In addition to those presented here, there are hundreds of other useful approaches to conducting effective training programs. The important thing to recognise is that each method and strategy has inherent strengths and weaknesses, and that there is not one method or strategy whose use will result consistently in a flawless training program. A combination of methods, strategies, and techniques makes for a rich, diverse, cooperative, and instructive training situation. In any training situation, it is important to appreciate the variety of ways that people learn, and to use techniques, which will meet the needs of a diverse group of learners (Armstrong 1988). While some individuals may learn kinaesthetically, others may be more receptive to visual or auditory techniques. A trainer must design his or her program to incorporate elements which will be useful to all types of learners, also taking into consideration the knowledge, skills, abilities, and motivation that trainees bring to the training situation. (VanWart, Cayer, Cook 1994, p 139) According to Bramley (1996), learning situations should be sequenced so that various styles of learning are integrated into the whole. A useful model, based on adult experiential learning, is the Kolb (1984) cycle of learning (see Figure 2). This model requires that activity in all four stages take place for effective learning to occur. Training which is designed with a variety of learning styles in mind will greatly encourage trainees to incorporate the knowledge into their own way of thinking, and transfer the training into the workplace. After logistics and strategies are determined, the designer must decide the most appropriate method for gathering evaluations and feedback from the participants. This step can be used to identify opportunities for further training, to enhance learning, to identify problems and possible solutions, to assess the impact of the training, and to monitor changes in thinking related to the training (Brinkerhoff Gill 1994). Such information can be obtained through observation of reactions to training programs, through learning reviews provided by participants (Bramley, 1996), or through pre and post-testing of skills, attitudes, and behaviours. In addition, there are a variety of questionnaire types which can be utilised for evaluations. Regardless of the type of questionnaire, which is used, however, it is crucial to gather feedback from as many of the participants as possible, to give them a forum for providing the most honest and detailed feedback possible, and to take future action based on the responses (Kirkpatrick 1996). Another valuable method of gaining feedback from participants is to speak with them individually, perhaps at some point during the program, or in a scheduled meeting or discussion group held shortly after the program takes place. It is vital to remember that changes in attitude do not necessarily equals change in behaviour. While information about attitudes may drop light on trainees immediate reactions and learning, such information alone is not necessarily a good indicator of long term changes in behaviour or overall results of training. As demonstrated by this study, it is important to collect a variety of data at several differing intervals, in order to gain the best understanding of the training and the outcomes of it. Evaluation of Training The final stage of the systematic training process is the evaluation of training. This can be done by comparing the results, especially the benefits, with the objectives of the training program set in the assessment phase (Ivancevich 2004). As mentioned in the introduction chapter, many companies are increasingly concerned if training adds value to organisations and training departments are continuously justifying the effectiveness of training (Phillips 1996; Holton 1995). Preskill (1997) asserts that the most appropriate method to determine the effectiveness of training is through training evaluation. As Jones (2006, p.42) said, â€Å"It is essential for HRD practitioners to use the training evaluation method in order to determine whether an organisation receives a significant return on investment in terms of human resources, time and money.† There are many reasons as to why training evaluation should be done. Evaluation can be a tool for informing the trainees of their progress, modifying and improving programs and instructor performance, and providing evidence to managers that problems and issues have been addressed and solved (Laird 1985). Training effectiveness is also a measure of the training departments credibility (Kirkpatrick 1996). Other benefits brought about by doing training evaluation are increased confidence in the trainers claim, increased legitimacy of the training function in organisations, justification for continued support, valuable feedback for improving training methods (Phillips 1996, Jones 2006). Noe (2003 p98-9) summarises these reasons in the following: to identify the programs strengths and weaknesses; to evaluate whether the content, organisation and administration of the program contribute to learning and the use of training content on the job; to identify which trainees benefited most or least from the program; to gather data to assist in marketing the program to determine the financial benefits and costs of the program; to compare the costs and benefits of training and non-training investments; to compare the costs and benefits of different training programs to know which training program is best to use. As with any other evaluation process, criteria should be established for easier evaluation. Ivancevich (2004, p77) points out the three types of criteria — internal, external, and participants reaction. However, participants reaction can be included in the internal criterion. The internal criteria are concerned with the content of the training program. The external criteria are concerned with the ultimate goal of the program. Many training evaluation models were developed. The most popular of which is Donald Kirkpatricks (1994) four-level evaluation criterion. According to thi

Friday, October 25, 2019

A Womens Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of Ones Own, and Northanger Abb

A Women's Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of One's Own, and Northanger Abbey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A quest is a tale that celebrates how one can cleverly and resolutely rise superior to all opposition.   Yet as fresh prospectives on history now suggest,   in this search for freedom and order,   the masculine craving for adventure, demanded restrictions upon women,   forcing her into deeper confinement, even within her limited province.   Thus the rights of a man are separated by the expectancies of a woman.  Ã‚   Each subsequent story deals with a search for truth that is hidden by the facades of social convention.  Ã‚   This search is often hampered by the conventions that are part of the outside and inside domain.   For a female's quest is best displayed in the sphere of domestic life, which drastically diminishes her diversity of action, compared to men who are expected to live public, successful lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Homeric journey for males is a physical adventure in the external world. Odysseus is a man who pursues his objective against all opposition.   He absolutely refuses to give in,   whatever happens to him en route for home.  Ã‚   Constantly, he reinforces the principle that will guide him throughout his struggles:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "For if some god batters me far   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   out on the wine-blue water, I will endure it,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   keeping a stubborn spirit inside of me,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for already I have suffered much and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   done much hard work..." (The Odyssey   9. 12-16) So the hero of The Odyssey displays the manifold ability to overcome beings of all kinds, one after the other.   Always he comes to fore as the master, and by his extraordinary greatness,... ...t intensive of adventures,   is to tear the guise of alien. Thus we may learn a fresh respect for courage and why so much is necessary.   Only then can we appreciate how gallant, how witty and yet how compassionate that quest was. Works Cited and Consulted Austen, Jane.   Northanger Abbey, Oxford World's Classics, 1998. Benstock, Shari, ed.   Feminist Zssues in Literary Scholarship. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987. Crane, Gregory , Calypso: Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey,   Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Delany, Sheila. Writing Women: Women Writers and Women in Literature: Medieval to Modern. New York: Schocken, 1983. Homer (Translated by Robert Fagles. Preface by Bernard Knox). The Odyssey. New York: Viking Penguin, div. of Penguin Books, Ltd. 1996. Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One's Own. 1929. New York: Harvest-Harcourt, 1989. A Women's Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of One's Own, and Northanger Abb A Women's Quest in The Odyssey, A Room Of One's Own, and Northanger Abbey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A quest is a tale that celebrates how one can cleverly and resolutely rise superior to all opposition.   Yet as fresh prospectives on history now suggest,   in this search for freedom and order,   the masculine craving for adventure, demanded restrictions upon women,   forcing her into deeper confinement, even within her limited province.   Thus the rights of a man are separated by the expectancies of a woman.  Ã‚   Each subsequent story deals with a search for truth that is hidden by the facades of social convention.  Ã‚   This search is often hampered by the conventions that are part of the outside and inside domain.   For a female's quest is best displayed in the sphere of domestic life, which drastically diminishes her diversity of action, compared to men who are expected to live public, successful lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Homeric journey for males is a physical adventure in the external world. Odysseus is a man who pursues his objective against all opposition.   He absolutely refuses to give in,   whatever happens to him en route for home.  Ã‚   Constantly, he reinforces the principle that will guide him throughout his struggles:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "For if some god batters me far   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   out on the wine-blue water, I will endure it,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   keeping a stubborn spirit inside of me,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   for already I have suffered much and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   done much hard work..." (The Odyssey   9. 12-16) So the hero of The Odyssey displays the manifold ability to overcome beings of all kinds, one after the other.   Always he comes to fore as the master, and by his extraordinary greatness,... ...t intensive of adventures,   is to tear the guise of alien. Thus we may learn a fresh respect for courage and why so much is necessary.   Only then can we appreciate how gallant, how witty and yet how compassionate that quest was. Works Cited and Consulted Austen, Jane.   Northanger Abbey, Oxford World's Classics, 1998. Benstock, Shari, ed.   Feminist Zssues in Literary Scholarship. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987. Crane, Gregory , Calypso: Backgrounds and Conventions of the Odyssey,   Frankfurt, Athenaeum 1988 Delany, Sheila. Writing Women: Women Writers and Women in Literature: Medieval to Modern. New York: Schocken, 1983. Homer (Translated by Robert Fagles. Preface by Bernard Knox). The Odyssey. New York: Viking Penguin, div. of Penguin Books, Ltd. 1996. Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One's Own. 1929. New York: Harvest-Harcourt, 1989.